Large venues, besides former music halls, included Hyde, Alexandra and Finsbury Parks, Clapham Common and the Empire Pool (which became Wembley Arena). Psychedelic rock from artists such as Pink Floyd, Cream, Procol Harum, the Jimi Hendrix Experience and Traffic grew significantly in popularity. In 1965, Diana Vreeland, editor of Vogue magazine, said that "London is the most swinging city in the world at the moment." Later that year, the American singer Roger Miller had a hit record with " England Swings", which steps around the progressive youth culture (both musically and lyrically).Īlready heralded by Colin MacInnes' 1959 novel Absolute Beginners which captured London's emerging youth culture, Swinging London was underway by the mid-1960s and included music by the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, the Kinks, the Who, Small Faces, the Animals, Dusty Springfield, Lulu, Cilla Black, Sandie Shaw and other artists from what was known in the US as the " British Invasion". ![]() The term "swinging" in the sense of hip or fashionable had been used since the early 1960s, including by Norman Vaughan in his "swinging/dodgy" patter on Sunday Night at the London Palladium. It swings it is the scene", and celebrated in the name of the pirate radio station, Swinging Radio England, that began shortly afterwards. In a Piri Halasz article 'Great Britain: You Can Walk Across It on the Grass', the magazine pronounced London the global hub of youthful creativity, hedonism and excitement: "In a decade dominated by youth, London has burst into bloom. "The Swinging City" was defined by Time magazine on the cover of its issue of 15 April 1966. One catalyst was the recovery of the British economy after post- Second World War austerity, which lasted through much of the 1950s. It was a period of optimism and hedonism, and a cultural revolution. The Swinging Sixties was a youth movement emphasising the new and modern. English cultural geographer Simon Rycroft wrote that "whilst it is important to acknowledge the exclusivity and the dissenting voices, it does not lessen the importance of Swinging London as a powerful moment of image making with very real material effect." Background The swinging scene also served as a consumerist counterpart to the more overtly political and radical British underground of the same period. Shaping the popular consciousness of aspirational Britain in the 1960s, the period was a West End-centred phenomenon regarded as happening among young, middle class people, and was often considered as "simply a diversion" by them. Following the abolition of the national service for men in 1960, these young people enjoyed greater freedom and fewer responsibilities than their parents' generation, and " changes to social and sexual politics". The phenomenon has been agreed to have been caused by the large number of young people in the city-due to the baby boom of the 1950s-and the postwar economic boom. ![]() ĭuring the 1960s, London underwent a "metamorphosis from a gloomy, grimy post-war capital into a bright, shining epicentre of style". ![]() During this period, "creative types of all kinds gravitated to the capital, from artists and writers to magazine publishers, photographers, advertisers, film-makers and product designers". Swinging London also reached British cinema, which according to the British Film Institute "saw a surge in formal experimentation, freedom of expression, colour, and comedy", with films that explored countercultural and satirical themes. Music was an essential part of the revolution, with "the London sound" being regarded as including the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, the Who, the Kinks and the Small Faces, bands that were additionally the mainstay of pirate radio stations like Radio Caroline, Wonderful Radio London and Swinging Radio England. It saw a flourishing in art, music and fashion, and was symbolised by the city's "pop and fashion exports", such as the Beatles, as the multimedia leaders of the British Invasion of musical acts the mod and psychedelic subcultures Mary Quant's miniskirt designs popular fashion models such as Twiggy and Jean Shrimpton the iconic status of popular shopping areas such as London's King's Road, Kensington and Carnaby Street the political activism of the anti-nuclear movement and the sexual liberation movement. ![]() The Swinging Sixties was a youth-driven cultural revolution that took place in the United Kingdom during the mid-to-late 1960s, emphasising modernity and fun-loving hedonism, with Swinging London denoted as its centre. 1966Ĭhanging social, political and cultural values A scene from Carnaby Street, in London's West End, c.
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